Kafka 3.1.0 에서 테스트 됨. B → A 단방향 복제를 걸고 퍼포먼스 프로듀서로 넣어 복제 처리량을 본 기록이다. 설정 키와 connect-mirror-maker.sh 는 4.3 에서도 그대로다[1].
vi config/sample-mm2.properties
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under A or more
# contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# see org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig for more details
# Sample MirrorMaker 2.0 top-level configuration file
# Run with ./bin/connect-mirror-maker.sh connect-mirror-maker.properties
# specify any number of cluster aliases
clusters = A, B
# connection information for each cluster
# This is a comma separated host:port pairs for each cluster
# for e.g. "A_host1:9092, A_host2:9092, A_host3:9092"
#A.bootstrap.servers = A_host1:9092, A_host2:9092, A_host3:9092
#B.bootstrap.servers = B_host1:9092, B_host2:9092, B_host3:9092
A.bootstrap.servers = 192.168.103.151:9092, 192.168.103.152:9092, 192.168.103.153:9092
B.bootstrap.servers = 192.168.103.154:9092, 192.168.103.155:9092, 192.168.103.156:9092
# enable and configure individual replication flows
A->B.enabled = false
# regex which defines which topics gets replicated. For eg "foo-.*"
A->B.topics =
B->A.enabled = true
B->A.topics = string
# Setting replication factor of newly created remote topics
replication.factor=1
############################# Internal Topic Settings #############################
# The replication factor for mm2 internal topics "heartbeats", "B.checkpoints.internal" and
# "mm2-offset-syncs.B.internal"
# For anything other than development testing, a value greater than 1 is recommended to ensure availability such as 3.
checkpoints.topic.replication.factor=1
heartbeats.topic.replication.factor=1
offset-syncs.topic.replication.factor=1
# The replication factor for connect internal topics "mm2-configs.B.internal", "mm2-offsets.B.internal" and
# "mm2-status.B.internal"
# For anything other than development testing, a value greater than 1 is recommended to ensure availability such as 3.
offset.storage.replication.factor=1
status.storage.replication.factor=1
config.storage.replication.factor=1
# customize as needed
# replication.policy.separator = _
# sync.topic.acls.enabled = false
# emit.heartbeats.interval.seconds = 5
bin/connect-mirror-maker.sh config/sample-mm2.properties
퍼포먼스 테스트 Producer 실행.
bin/kafka-producer-perf-test.sh --topic string --num-records 10000000 --throughput -1 --producer-props bootstrap.servers=kafka04:9092 --print-metric --record-size 1024
테스트 결과.
10000000 records sent, 26863.161740 records/sec (26.23 MB/sec), 1106.90 ms avg latency, 6748.00 ms max latency, 1027 ms 50th, 1839 ms 95th, 3203 ms 99th, 6402 ms 99.9th.
[igkim@kafka04 bin]$ ./kafka-producer-perf-test.sh --topic string --num-records 10000000 --throughput -1 --producer-props bootstrap.servers=kafka04:9092 --print-metric --record-size 1024
62161 records sent, 12407.4 records/sec (12.12 MB/sec), 1508.0 ms avg latency, 2036.0 ms max latency.
104835 records sent, 20958.6 records/sec (20.47 MB/sec), 1361.5 ms avg latency, 1672.0 ms max latency.
124665 records sent, 24918.0 records/sec (24.33 MB/sec), 930.5 ms avg latency, 1883.0 ms max latency.
139500 records sent, 27900.0 records/sec (27.25 MB/sec), 854.9 ms avg latency, 1063.0 ms max latency.
212745 records sent, 42549.0 records/sec (41.55 MB/sec), 627.4 ms avg latency, 985.0 ms max latency.
289500 records sent, 57888.4 records/sec (56.53 MB/sec), 334.8 ms avg latency, 536.0 ms max latency.
266685 records sent, 53337.0 records/sec (52.09 MB/sec), 177.0 ms avg latency, 347.0 ms max latency.
57720 records sent, 11482.0 records/sec (11.21 MB/sec), 1493.9 ms avg latency, 3057.0 ms max latency.
24195 records sent, 4782.6 records/sec (4.67 MB/sec), 4632.9 ms avg latency, 6128.0 ms max latency.
25140 records sent, 5020.0 records/sec (4.90 MB/sec), 6338.2 ms avg latency, 6748.0 ms max latency.
38925 records sent, 7785.0 records/sec (7.60 MB/sec), 4979.9 ms avg latency, 6404.0 ms max latency.
52785 records sent, 10548.6 records/sec (10.30 MB/sec), 3147.2 ms avg latency, 3875.0 ms max latency.
56325 records sent, 11265.0 records/sec (11.00 MB/sec), 2782.3 ms avg latency, 2963.0 ms max latency.
58200 records sent, 11616.8 records/sec (11.34 MB/sec), 2539.2 ms avg latency, 2735.0 ms max latency.
83520 records sent, 16704.0 records/sec (16.31 MB/sec), 2105.5 ms avg latency, 3204.0 ms max latency.
139080 records sent, 27816.0 records/sec (27.16 MB/sec), 1170.5 ms avg latency, 1588.0 ms max latency.
172080 records sent, 34292.5 records/sec (33.49 MB/sec), 883.5 ms avg latency, 1062.0 ms max latency.
162150 records sent, 32430.0 records/sec (31.67 MB/sec), 943.3 ms avg latency, 1035.0 ms max latency.
151995 records sent, 30399.0 records/sec (29.69 MB/sec), 985.3 ms avg latency, 1209.0 ms max latency.
135660 records sent, 27132.0 records/sec (26.50 MB/sec), 1159.9 ms avg latency, 1330.0 ms max latency.
159450 records sent, 31883.6 records/sec (31.14 MB/sec), 960.8 ms avg latency, 1173.0 ms max latency.
144300 records sent, 28860.0 records/sec (28.18 MB/sec), 1060.7 ms avg latency, 1184.0 ms max latency.
153885 records sent, 30777.0 records/sec (30.06 MB/sec), 995.5 ms avg latency, 1062.0 ms max latency.
168765 records sent, 33753.0 records/sec (32.96 MB/sec), 913.6 ms avg latency, 1027.0 ms max latency.
161430 records sent, 32286.0 records/sec (31.53 MB/sec), 954.4 ms avg latency, 1092.0 ms max latency.
160065 records sent, 32013.0 records/sec (31.26 MB/sec), 953.2 ms avg latency, 1144.0 ms max latency.
151110 records sent, 30222.0 records/sec (29.51 MB/sec), 1024.7 ms avg latency, 1344.0 ms max latency.
155535 records sent, 31107.0 records/sec (30.38 MB/sec), 969.5 ms avg latency, 1327.0 ms max latency.
171105 records sent, 34221.0 records/sec (33.42 MB/sec), 904.4 ms avg latency, 1097.0 ms max latency.
169290 records sent, 33851.2 records/sec (33.06 MB/sec), 910.3 ms avg latency, 985.0 ms max latency.
157665 records sent, 31533.0 records/sec (30.79 MB/sec), 962.0 ms avg latency, 1041.0 ms max latency.
149235 records sent, 29680.8 records/sec (28.99 MB/sec), 1014.9 ms avg latency, 1130.0 ms max latency.
123615 records sent, 24723.0 records/sec (24.14 MB/sec), 1245.3 ms avg latency, 1856.0 ms max latency.
133215 records sent, 26643.0 records/sec (26.02 MB/sec), 1162.5 ms avg latency, 1334.0 ms max latency.
133890 records sent, 26719.2 records/sec (26.09 MB/sec), 1131.7 ms avg latency, 1405.0 ms max latency.
130005 records sent, 26001.0 records/sec (25.39 MB/sec), 1193.9 ms avg latency, 1782.0 ms max latency.
139755 records sent, 27951.0 records/sec (27.30 MB/sec), 1085.0 ms avg latency, 1253.0 ms max latency.
130545 records sent, 26062.1 records/sec (25.45 MB/sec), 1170.0 ms avg latency, 1298.0 ms max latency.
126045 records sent, 24342.4 records/sec (23.77 MB/sec), 1208.3 ms avg latency, 1465.0 ms max latency.
122115 records sent, 24423.0 records/sec (23.85 MB/sec), 1313.2 ms avg latency, 1563.0 ms max latency.
109455 records sent, 21790.8 records/sec (21.28 MB/sec), 1426.8 ms avg latency, 2180.0 ms max latency.
120960 records sent, 24192.0 records/sec (23.63 MB/sec), 1246.4 ms avg latency, 1487.0 ms max latency.
125040 records sent, 25008.0 records/sec (24.42 MB/sec), 1245.8 ms avg latency, 1464.0 ms max latency.
137970 records sent, 27594.0 records/sec (26.95 MB/sec), 1127.1 ms avg latency, 1303.0 ms max latency.
145365 records sent, 29073.0 records/sec (28.39 MB/sec), 1043.8 ms avg latency, 1145.0 ms max latency.
113520 records sent, 22568.6 records/sec (22.04 MB/sec), 1282.9 ms avg latency, 1672.0 ms max latency.
81270 records sent, 16254.0 records/sec (15.87 MB/sec), 1799.3 ms avg latency, 2135.0 ms max latency.
73605 records sent, 14563.7 records/sec (14.22 MB/sec), 2111.5 ms avg latency, 2260.0 ms max latency.
88800 records sent, 17752.9 records/sec (17.34 MB/sec), 1858.6 ms avg latency, 2300.0 ms max latency.
120870 records sent, 24092.1 records/sec (23.53 MB/sec), 1297.2 ms avg latency, 1539.0 ms max latency.
136860 records sent, 27372.0 records/sec (26.73 MB/sec), 1151.0 ms avg latency, 1393.0 ms max latency.
130875 records sent, 26175.0 records/sec (25.56 MB/sec), 1154.5 ms avg latency, 1396.0 ms max latency.
163815 records sent, 32763.0 records/sec (32.00 MB/sec), 952.6 ms avg latency, 1197.0 ms max latency.
138855 records sent, 27771.0 records/sec (27.12 MB/sec), 1089.5 ms avg latency, 1200.0 ms max latency.
145965 records sent, 29047.8 records/sec (28.37 MB/sec), 1054.9 ms avg latency, 1185.0 ms max latency.
137790 records sent, 27558.0 records/sec (26.91 MB/sec), 1121.6 ms avg latency, 1241.0 ms max latency.
125865 records sent, 25173.0 records/sec (24.58 MB/sec), 1231.3 ms avg latency, 1660.0 ms max latency.
128610 records sent, 25578.8 records/sec (24.98 MB/sec), 1165.0 ms avg latency, 1383.0 ms max latency.
126570 records sent, 25273.6 records/sec (24.68 MB/sec), 1213.2 ms avg latency, 1407.0 ms max latency.
132405 records sent, 26438.7 records/sec (25.82 MB/sec), 1170.4 ms avg latency, 1315.0 ms max latency.
149565 records sent, 29770.1 records/sec (29.07 MB/sec), 1041.0 ms avg latency, 1227.0 ms max latency.
165570 records sent, 33114.0 records/sec (32.34 MB/sec), 930.0 ms avg latency, 1048.0 ms max latency.
162525 records sent, 32505.0 records/sec (31.74 MB/sec), 939.1 ms avg latency, 1033.0 ms max latency.
158955 records sent, 31791.0 records/sec (31.05 MB/sec), 970.0 ms avg latency, 1120.0 ms max latency.
163530 records sent, 32706.0 records/sec (31.94 MB/sec), 918.1 ms avg latency, 1114.0 ms max latency.
157275 records sent, 31455.0 records/sec (30.72 MB/sec), 986.8 ms avg latency, 1147.0 ms max latency.
153345 records sent, 30669.0 records/sec (29.95 MB/sec), 1005.7 ms avg latency, 1135.0 ms max latency.
148230 records sent, 29510.3 records/sec (28.82 MB/sec), 1027.9 ms avg latency, 1142.0 ms max latency.
157230 records sent, 31446.0 records/sec (30.71 MB/sec), 985.1 ms avg latency, 1118.0 ms max latency.
145170 records sent, 29034.0 records/sec (28.35 MB/sec), 1072.8 ms avg latency, 1226.0 ms max latency.
142485 records sent, 28497.0 records/sec (27.83 MB/sec), 1034.2 ms avg latency, 1277.0 ms max latency.
142140 records sent, 28428.0 records/sec (27.76 MB/sec), 1103.9 ms avg latency, 1576.0 ms max latency.
169305 records sent, 33861.0 records/sec (33.07 MB/sec), 912.9 ms avg latency, 1070.0 ms max latency.
157155 records sent, 31431.0 records/sec (30.69 MB/sec), 973.7 ms avg latency, 1058.0 ms max latency.
10000000 records sent, 26863.161740 records/sec (26.23 MB/sec), 1106.90 ms avg latency, 6748.00 ms max latency, 1027 ms 50th, 1839 ms 95th, 3203 ms 99th, 6402 ms 99.9th.
Metric Name Value
app-info:commit-id:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 37edeed0777bacb3
app-info:start-time-ms:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 1651127814308
app-info:version:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 3.1.0
kafka-metrics-count:count:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 123.000
producer-metrics:batch-size-avg:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 15555.939
producer-metrics:batch-size-max:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 15570.000
producer-metrics:batch-split-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:batch-split-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:buffer-available-bytes:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 33554432.000
producer-metrics:buffer-exhausted-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:buffer-exhausted-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:buffer-total-bytes:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 33554432.000
producer-metrics:bufferpool-wait-ratio:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.419
producer-metrics:bufferpool-wait-time-ns-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 173083664047.000
producer-metrics:bufferpool-wait-time-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 173083664047.000
producer-metrics:compression-rate-avg:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 1.000
producer-metrics:connection-close-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:connection-close-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:connection-count:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 3.000
producer-metrics:connection-creation-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:connection-creation-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 3.000
producer-metrics:failed-authentication-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:failed-authentication-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:failed-reauthentication-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:failed-reauthentication-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:flush-time-ns-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 1068515439.000
producer-metrics:incoming-byte-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 114573.069
producer-metrics:incoming-byte-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 38003062.000
producer-metrics:io-ratio:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.065
producer-metrics:io-time-ns-avg:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 7760.961
producer-metrics:io-time-ns-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 21154107073.000
producer-metrics:io-wait-ratio:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.821
producer-metrics:io-wait-time-ns-avg:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 98416.470
producer-metrics:io-wait-time-ns-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 313187606379.000
producer-metrics:io-waittime-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 313187606379.000
producer-metrics:iotime-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 21154107073.000
producer-metrics:metadata-age:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 71.970
producer-metrics:network-io-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 4019.989
producer-metrics:network-io-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 1333392.000
producer-metrics:outgoing-byte-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 31386649.537
producer-metrics:outgoing-byte-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 10410672084.000
producer-metrics:produce-throttle-time-avg:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:produce-throttle-time-max:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:reauthentication-latency-avg:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : NaN
producer-metrics:reauthentication-latency-max:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : NaN
producer-metrics:record-error-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:record-error-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:record-queue-time-avg:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 1012.318
producer-metrics:record-queue-time-max:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 1574.000
producer-metrics:record-retry-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:record-retry-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:record-send-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 30132.795
producer-metrics:record-send-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 10000000.000
producer-metrics:record-size-avg:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 1110.000
producer-metrics:record-size-max:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 1110.000
producer-metrics:records-per-request-avg:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 15.000
producer-metrics:request-latency-avg:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 2.461
producer-metrics:request-latency-max:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 197.000
producer-metrics:request-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 2009.911
producer-metrics:request-size-avg:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 15615.939
producer-metrics:request-size-max:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 15630.000
producer-metrics:request-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 666696.000
producer-metrics:requests-in-flight:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:response-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 2010.150
producer-metrics:response-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 666696.000
producer-metrics:select-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 8341.028
producer-metrics:select-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 2762859.000
producer-metrics:successful-authentication-no-reauth-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:successful-authentication-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:successful-authentication-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:successful-reauthentication-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:successful-reauthentication-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:txn-abort-time-ns-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:txn-begin-time-ns-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:txn-commit-time-ns-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:txn-init-time-ns-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:txn-send-offsets-time-ns-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-metrics:waiting-threads:{client-id=perf-producer-client} : 0.000
producer-node-metrics:incoming-byte-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node--1} : 0.000
producer-node-metrics:incoming-byte-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node-1} : 114511.882
producer-node-metrics:incoming-byte-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node-2} : 0.000
producer-node-metrics:incoming-byte-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node--1} : 618.000
producer-node-metrics:incoming-byte-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node-1} : 38002005.000
producer-node-metrics:incoming-byte-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node-2} : 439.000
producer-node-metrics:outgoing-byte-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node--1} : 0.000
producer-node-metrics:outgoing-byte-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node-1} : 31370622.871
producer-node-metrics:outgoing-byte-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node-2} : 0.000
producer-node-metrics:outgoing-byte-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node--1} : 123.000
producer-node-metrics:outgoing-byte-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node-1} : 10410671901.000
producer-node-metrics:outgoing-byte-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node-2} : 60.000
producer-node-metrics:request-latency-avg:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node--1} : NaN
producer-node-metrics:request-latency-avg:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node-1} : 2.461
producer-node-metrics:request-latency-avg:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node-2} : NaN
producer-node-metrics:request-latency-max:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node--1} : NaN
producer-node-metrics:request-latency-max:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node-1} : 197.000
producer-node-metrics:request-latency-max:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node-2} : NaN
producer-node-metrics:request-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node--1} : 0.000
producer-node-metrics:request-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node-1} : 2008.885
producer-node-metrics:request-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node-2} : 0.000
producer-node-metrics:request-size-avg:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node--1} : NaN
producer-node-metrics:request-size-avg:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node-1} : 15615.939
producer-node-metrics:request-size-avg:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node-2} : NaN
producer-node-metrics:request-size-max:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node--1} : NaN
producer-node-metrics:request-size-max:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node-1} : 15630.000
producer-node-metrics:request-size-max:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node-2} : NaN
producer-node-metrics:request-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node--1} : 2.000
producer-node-metrics:request-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node-1} : 666693.000
producer-node-metrics:request-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node-2} : 1.000
producer-node-metrics:response-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node--1} : 0.000
producer-node-metrics:response-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node-1} : 2009.076
producer-node-metrics:response-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node-2} : 0.000
producer-node-metrics:response-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node--1} : 2.000
producer-node-metrics:response-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node-1} : 666693.000
producer-node-metrics:response-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client, node-id=node-2} : 1.000
producer-topic-metrics:byte-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client, topic=string} : 31251211.049
producer-topic-metrics:byte-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client, topic=string} : 10370670318.000
producer-topic-metrics:compression-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client, topic=string} : 1.000
producer-topic-metrics:record-error-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client, topic=string} : 0.000
producer-topic-metrics:record-error-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client, topic=string} : 0.000
producer-topic-metrics:record-retry-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client, topic=string} : 0.000
producer-topic-metrics:record-retry-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client, topic=string} : 0.000
producer-topic-metrics:record-send-rate:{client-id=perf-producer-client, topic=string} : 30133.515
producer-topic-metrics:record-send-total:{client-id=perf-producer-client, topic=string} : 10000000.000
Geo-Replication (Cross-Cluster Data Mirroring) — 2026-09-20 확인. https://kafka.apache.org/43/operations/geo-replication-cross-cluster-data-mirroring/ ↩︎